A signature approach of CHC/GHC is to nest discovery within its delivery networks to bring cutting edge science to help solve the global epidemics of TB and HIV. This approach has led to CHC-affiliated scientists discovering the first gene associated with developing TB disease and to the discovery a very important immune suppressive type of T cells in infectious disease and specifically in tuberculosis.

This same approach is being applied to the CAMELIA (Cambodian early vs. Late Introduction of Antiretrovirals) clinical study, whose goal is to determine the optimal timing of HAART in immunosuppressed AIDS patients with TB. The basic science studies nested in the CAMELIA involves scientists from Boston and Phnom Penh and Paris who are seeking to understand the biological basis of "Paradoxical reaction", or PR, which is a severe immune side-effect complicating HIV treatment in one-fifth of TB-infected patients. It is hoped that information from these studies will help scientists design new therapies for TB and HIV.

The goal of the CAPRI-T (Cambodian Paradoxical Reaction Immune T) study is to understand the mechanisms and the role of human T cells in paradoxical reactions in the setting of treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The CAPRI-T study is linked to the CAMELIA. Researchers from GHC/CHC and the Immune Disease Institute of Harvard Medical School in Boston, and the Pasteur Institute of Phnom Penh are conducting these CAPRI-T studies with support of the US National Institutes of Health Division of AIDS, the French Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hepatides Virales (ANRS), and the Annenberg Foundation.